Mini Refrigerator Using Peltier Module
By Naimur Rahman, Suvom Karmakar.
Overview
This project demonstrates a compact, eco-friendly mini refrigerator based on the Peltier effect, designed to provide cooling without traditional refrigerants or compressors. The mini fridge is ideal for low-capacity, portable cooling applications, offering stable performance and easy control with a 12V power supply.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The mini refrigerator leverages thermoelectric cooling via the Peltier module, which enables heat transfer across two junctions, achieving cooling without moving parts. This solid-state cooling approach is quieter, more compact, and ideal for personal or portable use.
Objective
The objective of this project is to create a small-scale, portable refrigerator that:
- Provides cooling through the Peltier effect rather than conventional methods.
- Reduces complexity, weight, and environmental impact by eliminating compressors and refrigerants.
Materials
- Peltier Module: Provides thermoelectric cooling based on the Peltier effect.
- Heat Sink & Heat Sink Fan: Ensures effective heat dissipation.
- Thermocol: Acts as an insulator to maintain cool temperatures inside the unit.
- Thermal Paste: Improves thermal transfer between surfaces.
- PVC Sheets: Durable outer casing for the unit.
- 12V Power Supply & DC Jack: Provides required power to the Peltier module and fans.
Construction and Working
- Box Setup: Thermocol is used to construct the main cooling chamber due to its insulating properties.
- Peltier Module Placement: The Peltier module is mounted with the cold side facing the cooling chamber and the hot side connected to a heat sink.
- Heat Dissipation: A fan attached to the heat sink assists in dissipating excess heat generated on the hot side.
- Power Connection: A 12V DC supply powers the Peltier module and the fan, achieving rapid cooling in the chamber.
Benefits & Limitations
Benefits:
- Eco-friendly (no refrigerants).
- Lightweight and portable.
- Quiet operation with no vibrations.
Limitations:
- Suitable for small items only.
- Limited cooling capacity compared to traditional refrigerators.
Power Consumption
The mini fridge consumes approximately 47.5W, with the Peltier module being the primary power-consuming component. Additional small fans aid in heat dissipation with minimal added power.
Cost Estimation
| Component | Price (BDT) |
|——————–|————-|
| Peltier Module | 300 |
| Heat Sink (3) | 180 |
| Heat Sink Fan (2) | 140 |
| Thermocol | 20 |
| 12V Power Supply | 600 |
| PVC Sheets | 100 |
| Female DC Jack | 10 |
| Thermal Paste | 100 |
| Total | 1450 |
Applications
- Portable Cooling: Ideal for small items such as cans, snacks, and medications.
- Personal Refrigerator: Compact and low-maintenance, suitable for personal use.
- Eco-Friendly Solutions: Eliminates the need for refrigerants, aligning with sustainability goals.
Conclusion
The project successfully demonstrates a low-power, portable refrigerator using the Peltier effect. The unit is compact, lightweight, and eco-friendly, offering a viable cooling solution for small-scale applications.
For further information or contributions, please feel free to open an issue or submit a pull request!